A histogram is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights.
Histogram is used to summarize discrete or continuous data that are measured on an interval scale.
Create Histogram in R
In R, we use the hist()
function to create Histograms. For example,
temperatures <- c(67 ,72 ,74 ,62 ,76 ,66 ,65 ,59 ,61 ,69 )
# histogram of temperatures vector
result <- hist(temperatures)
print(result)
Output

In the above example, we have used the hist()
function to create a histogram of the temperatures vector.
The histogram we have created above is plain and simple, we can add so many things to the Histogram.
Add Title and Label to a Histogram in R
To add a title and a label to our Histogram in R, we pass the main
and the xlab parameter respectively inside the hist()
function. For example,
temperatures <- c(67 ,72 ,74 ,62 ,76 ,66 ,65 ,59 ,61 ,69 )
# histogram of temperatures vector
result <- hist(temperatures,
main = "Histogram of Temperature",
xlab = "Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit"
)
print(result)
Output

In the above figure, we can see that we have added a title and a label to the Histogram of the temperatures vector.
hist(temperatures,
main = "Maximum Temperatures in a Week",
xlab = "Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit")
Here,
main
- adds the title"Maximum Temperatures in a Week"
xlab
- adds the label"Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit"
Change Bar Color of Histogram in R
In R, we pass the col
parameter inside hist()
to change the color of bars. For example,
temperatures <- c(67 ,72 ,74 ,62 ,76 ,66 ,65 ,59 ,61 ,69 )
# histogram of temperatures vector
result <- hist(temperatures,
main = "Histogram of Temperature",
xlab = "Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit",
col = "red")
print(result)
Output

In the above example, we have used the col
parameter inside barplot()
to change the color of bars.
result <- hist(temperatures,
...
col = "red"
)
Here, col = "red"
changes the color of bars to red.
Range of Axes in R
To provide a range of the axes in R, we pass the xlab
and the ylab
parameter inside hist()
. For example,
temperatures <- c(67 ,72 ,74 ,62 ,76 ,66 ,65 ,59 ,61 ,69 )
# histogram of temperatures vector
result <- hist(temperatures,
main = "Histogram of Temperature",
xlab = "Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit",
col = "red",
xlim = c(50,100),
ylim = c(0, 5))
print(result)
Output

In the above example, we have used the xlim
and the ylim
parameter inside hist()
to provide a range of x-axis and y-axis respectively.
result <- hist(temperatures,
...
xlim = c(50,100),
ylim = c(0, 5))
)
Here,
- x-axis ranges from 50 to 100
- y-axis ranges from 0 to 5